Fundamental Rights JSON File for flashcards

Fundamental Rights in Indian Polity

The Fundamental Rights enshrined in the Indian Constitution serve as the foundation of democracy, ensuring equality, liberty, and justice for all citizens. Defined in Part III, these rights act as safeguards against oppression and maintain individual dignity.

📖 Understanding Fundamental Rights

Fundamental Rights in India are inspired by global democratic traditions, particularly the U.S. Bill of Rights. Their purpose is to protect individuals from government overreach and discriminatory practices.

⚖️ Key Features

• Defined under Articles 12 to 35 of the Constitution.
• Legally enforceable in courts.
• Some rights extend to foreign nationals.
• Reasonable restrictions apply under certain circumstances.

📌 Six Categories of Fundamental Rights

🔹 Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)

Ensures equal treatment before the law, prohibits discrimination, and abolishes untouchability.

🔹 Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)

Provides fundamental freedoms like speech, movement, assembly, and residence with reasonable restrictions.

🔹 Right Against Exploitation (Articles 23-24)

Prevents human trafficking, forced labor, and child exploitation.

🔹 Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28)

Guarantees religious autonomy, ensuring protection of individual beliefs.

🔹 Cultural & Educational Rights (Articles 29-30)

Protects the minority communities’ language, culture, and education systems.

🔹 Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

Empowers citizens to seek judicial intervention in case of rights violations. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar termed it the "Heart and Soul of the Constitution".

⚖️ Judicial Enforcement of Fundamental Rights

The Supreme Court and High Courts protect Fundamental Rights under Article 32 and Article 226, respectively.

🔎 Types of Writs

- Habeas Corpus: Ensures personal liberty
- Mandamus: Commands officials to perform duties
- Prohibition: Restricts lower courts from exceeding jurisdiction
- Certiorari: Transfers cases to higher courts
- Quo Warranto: Challenges the legitimacy of public office holding

📖 JSON Code for APKG Converter

Below is a JSON file containing few questions related to Fundamental Rights:

{
  "questions": [
    { "question": "Which part of the Indian Constitution deals with Fundamental Rights?", "answer": "Part III" },
    { "question": "How many Fundamental Rights are enshrined in the Indian Constitution?", "answer": "Six" },
    { "question": "Which article guarantees the Right to Equality?", "answer": "Article 14" },
    { "question": "Which article protects against discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth?", "answer": "Article 15" },
    { "question": "Which article abolishes untouchability?", "answer": "Article 17" },
    { "question": "Which Fundamental Right protects freedom of speech and expression?", "answer": "Article 19(1)(a)" },
    { "question": "Which article provides the Right to Life and Personal Liberty?", "answer": "Article 21" },
    { "question": "What does Article 23 prohibit?", "answer": "Human trafficking and forced labor" },
    { "question": "Which Fundamental Right ensures religious freedom?", "answer": "Article 25" },
    { "question": "Which article allows minorities to establish and administer educational institutions?", "answer": "Article 30" },
    { "question": "Which article provides the Right to Constitutional Remedies?", "answer": "Article 32" },
    { "question": "Who called Article 32 the 'Heart and Soul' of the Constitution?", "answer": "Dr. B.R. Ambedkar" },
    { "question": "Which writ protects personal liberty?", "answer": "Habeas Corpus" },
    { "question": "Which writ ensures a public official performs their duty?", "answer": "Mandamus" },
    { "question": "Which writ prevents lower courts from acting beyond their jurisdiction?", "answer": "Prohibition" },
    { "question": "Which writ allows higher courts to review cases from lower courts?", "answer": "Certiorari" },
    { "question": "Which writ challenges the validity of holding a public office?", "answer": "Quo Warranto" },
    { "question": "Which amendment introduced reasonable restrictions on Freedom of Speech?", "answer": "First Amendment (1951)" },
    { "question": "Which case established the 'Basic Structure Doctrine'?", "answer": "Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973)" },
    { "question": "Which Fundamental Right ensures equal opportunities in public employment?", "answer": "Article 16" },
    { "question": "Which Fundamental Right is suspended during National Emergency?", "answer": "Article 19" },
    { "question": "Which case ruled that Right to Privacy is a Fundamental Right?", "answer": "Puttaswamy Case (2017)" },
    { "question": "Which article restricts child labor?", "answer": "Article 24" },
    { "question": "Which article provides protection for weaker sections of society?", "answer": "Article 15(4)" },
    { "question": "Which article ensures protection of minorities' language and culture?", "answer": "Article 29" },
    { "question": "Which case upheld reservation for OBCs in education?", "answer": "Indra Sawhney Case (1992)" },
    { "question": "Which article ensures religious institutions can manage their affairs?", "answer": "Article 26" },
    { "question": "Which amendment removed the Right to Property as a Fundamental Right?", "answer": "44th Amendment" }
  ]
}

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